2025 saw a marked deterioration in Yemen’s political and security environment, driven by intensifying international airstrikes, limited in scale but persistent frontline clashes, and escalating repression in areas under the control of the Houthis. The use of explosive weapons, including repeated air and drone strikes, significantly increased civilian and child casualties, while small-scale hostilities between the Houthis and Government-affiliated forces remained active across key governorates. The killing of senior Houthi de facto officials in an August 2025 Israeli airstrike triggered unprecedented restrictions on humanitarian operations, including additional arbitrary detentions of aid workers and UN personnel, and seizures of UN facilities, severely constraining lifesaving support, as several humanitarian agencies were compelled to pause critical operations. These dynamics, compounded by widespread explosive ordnance contamination and heightening political fragmentation, created a sharply more dangerous environment for children and further undermined prospects for a sustainable ceasefire or political progress. Owing to severe access challenges in areas under the control of the Houthis, the information presented does not represent the full scale of violations against children.

• Welcome the continued engagement of the Government in the implementation of the 2014 action plan and the 2018 road map.

• Concern regarding the number of children recruited and used by the Houthis and the reports of "summer camps" for children, and at the number of schools and hospitals that were used for military purposes by the Houthis.

• Concern about the humanitarians operating environment in areas under the control of the Houthis. Urge to abide by international law, including the obligation to respect the privileges and immunities of the United Nations and its personnel.